Notes
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Outline
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TRAUMA, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION
  • LESSONS FROM RWANDA AND EX-YUGOSLAVIA
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WHAT IS JUSTICE?
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ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT TRIALS
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RECONCILIATION
  • WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO REPAIR A COMMUNITY?
  • DO PEOPLE SEEK JUSTICE AND IF SO, WHAT FORMS DOES IT TAKE?
  • DO TRIALS EQUAL JUSTICE?
  • HOW IS TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE RELATED TO RECONCILIATION?
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Research Methods
  • Surveys
    • Balkans:  1,600 people surveyed twice
    •                    12-24 months apart
    • Rwanda:  2,100 people
  • Key Informant Interviews
  • Focus Groups
  • Ethnographic Studies


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 Research Question
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Study Sites
1999 - 2003
  • Former Yugoslavia
    • Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Vukovar, Croatia
    • Refugee Settlements, Serbia and Montenegro
  • Rwanda
  • Varied exposure to genocide
    • Ngoma (Butare Town)
    • Mabanza
    • Buyoga
    • Mutura


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Bosnian Judges and Prosecutors
1999-2000
  • 32 participants with primary or appellate
  • jurisdiction for national war crimes trials


  • Bosniak, Croat and Serb Areas


  • In-depth semi-structured interviews
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KEY FINDINGS
  • WAR EXPERIENCES OF PARTICPANTS, SELF-IDENTIFICATION WITH A PARTICULAR NATIONAL GROUP AND EXPOSURE TO DOMINANT NARRATIVES ABOUT THE ROLE OF THEIR GROUP PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCES ATTITUDES TOWARDS TRIALS


  • THE CLAIM OF VICTIMHOOD OVERRIDES


  • THOSE WHO ACCEPT INTERNATIONAL CORROBORATION OF ATROCITIES MORE LIKELY TO DEMAND INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY
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Community Effects of Trials
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DEFINING TRAUMA
AT POPULATION LEVEL
  • IN EX-YUGOSLAVIA, A VALIDATED  SCALE WEIGHTED FOR EXPOSURE AND INTENSITY


  • IN RWANDA, THE PCL (C) SCALE
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DEFINING RECONCILIATION

  • COMMUNITY
  • INTERDEPENDENCE
  • SOCIAL JUSTICE
  • COMMITMENT TO NON-VIOLENCE
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PTSD SYMPTOMS IN RWANDA
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ATTITUDES TO TRIALS IN RWANDA
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TRAUMA, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION
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TRAUMA. JUSTICE, AND RECONCILIATION
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CONCLUSIONS
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Trials and Public Awareness
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COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL
RECONSTRUCTION
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